Genetics
Before we start, you got to understand all the vocabulary. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid. "Deoxyribo" refers to Deoxyribose which mean an oxygen is lost on the Ribose molecule so that the phosphate group can combine with Deoxyribose like a lego brick to form a long DNA. "Nucleic" refers to Nucleotides mainly the 4 bases (Adenosine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine). Adensosine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) can be called ATCG in short.
DNA is a book while gene is the recipe in the book. DNA determine if you are a banana, human, monkey, rat or plant. Any modification to our DNA can change us from human to animals.
Computer language uses 0 and 1 to function. Human use A to Z to understand what people write. Javascript uses complicated scripts to enable it to function. While human DNA uses A, T, C and G as a language to build our body. In this world, if there is no languages, there will be no interaction.
Do you know that 98.5% of our DNA matches Chimpanzee? Chimpanzee was thought to be the closest species with us. Rhesus monkey has 93% of its DNA similar to human while between you and me, we are only 99.5% difference in our DNA. Yet, with such a good match, we look so differently. If I am 99.0% difference from you, I could be another species between Chimpanzee and human or a species which look entirely different.
Our body contains 50 trillion tiny cells and almost every one of them contains the complete set of instructions to make you. These instructions are encoded in your DNA and pack into the chromosome. Human have 23 pairs of chromosomes while Chimpanzee has 24 chromosomes.
Cells come in a dizzy array of types; there are brain cells and blood cells, skin cells and liver cells and bone cells. But every cells contains the same instructions in the form of DNA. So how do cells know whether to make an eye or a foot? The answer lies in intricate systems of genetic switches. Master genes turn other genes on and off, making sure that the right proteins are made at the right time in the right cells.
To make new cells, an existing cell divides into two but before that, it has to copy its DNA so the new cells will each have a complete set of genetic instructions. Sometime, the cell can make mistakes during the copying process and this lead to diseases such as sickle blood cell.
DNA is passed from parent to child. Main passed down its chromosome to his son while female passed down her mitochondria to her son and daughter.
DNA is a book while gene is the recipe in the book. DNA determine if you are a banana, human, monkey, rat or plant. Any modification to our DNA can change us from human to animals.
Computer language uses 0 and 1 to function. Human use A to Z to understand what people write. Javascript uses complicated scripts to enable it to function. While human DNA uses A, T, C and G as a language to build our body. In this world, if there is no languages, there will be no interaction.
Do you know that 98.5% of our DNA matches Chimpanzee? Chimpanzee was thought to be the closest species with us. Rhesus monkey has 93% of its DNA similar to human while between you and me, we are only 99.5% difference in our DNA. Yet, with such a good match, we look so differently. If I am 99.0% difference from you, I could be another species between Chimpanzee and human or a species which look entirely different.
Our body contains 50 trillion tiny cells and almost every one of them contains the complete set of instructions to make you. These instructions are encoded in your DNA and pack into the chromosome. Human have 23 pairs of chromosomes while Chimpanzee has 24 chromosomes.
Cells come in a dizzy array of types; there are brain cells and blood cells, skin cells and liver cells and bone cells. But every cells contains the same instructions in the form of DNA. So how do cells know whether to make an eye or a foot? The answer lies in intricate systems of genetic switches. Master genes turn other genes on and off, making sure that the right proteins are made at the right time in the right cells.
To make new cells, an existing cell divides into two but before that, it has to copy its DNA so the new cells will each have a complete set of genetic instructions. Sometime, the cell can make mistakes during the copying process and this lead to diseases such as sickle blood cell.
DNA is passed from parent to child. Main passed down its chromosome to his son while female passed down her mitochondria to her son and daughter.
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